Depressed Dog: Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and How to Treat Canine Depression
Dogs are emotional, social animals. While they may not experience depression the same way humans do, they can develop a condition commonly referred to as canine depression, a state of persistent low mood, withdrawal, and behavioural change.
A depressed dog may seem quiet, disinterested, or “not themselves,” often leaving pet parents confused or worried.
Understanding the signs and symptoms of depression in dogs, what causes it, and how it can be treated is essential for restoring your dog’s emotional well-being.
What Is Dog Depression?
Depression in dogs is a behavioural condition marked by noticeable changes in mood, energy, appetite, and social interaction. It is not a formal psychiatric diagnosis but a recognised behavioural and emotional state influenced by stress, loss, illness, or environmental changes.
A dog in depression may appear withdrawn, less responsive, or unusually inactive. These changes often develop gradually and can be mistaken for ageing or laziness.
Can dogs become depressed?
Yes, dogs can become depressed. Research and behavioural studies show that dogs experience emotions such as attachment, grief, anxiety, and stress. When these emotions persist without relief, they can lead to depression in dogs.
Dogs form strong bonds with their humans and routines. Disruptions to these bonds or environments can significantly affect their emotional health.
Symptoms of Dog Depression
Symptoms of depression in dogs, including puppies, can vary in intensity and may overlap with medical conditions, which is why observation is important.
Common signs and symptoms of depression in dogs include:
- Reduced interest in play, walks, or social interaction
- Sleeping more than usual or appearing lethargic
- Loss of appetite or, less commonly, overeating
- Withdrawal from family members
- Lack of enthusiasm for activities they once enjoyed
- Changes in body language (drooped posture, reduced tail movement)
- Excessive licking or self-soothing behaviours
- Vocalisation changes or unusual quietness
In younger dogs or puppies, depression signs may include clinginess, reduced playfulness, whining, or sudden fearfulness.
Causes of Dog Depression
There is rarely a single cause. Depression in dogs usually develops due to one or more emotional or physical stressors.
Common causes include:
- Loss of a companion (human or animal)
- Major routine changes (moving homes, new work schedules)
- Prolonged isolation or lack of stimulation
- Chronic pain or underlying illness
- Age-related cognitive changes
- Reduced physical activity
- Traumatic experiences
Dogs thrive on predictability and connection. When these are disrupted, emotional distress can follow.
How Veterinarians Diagnose Dog Depression
There is no single test for depression in dogs. Diagnosis is made through exclusion and behavioural assessment.
Veterinarians typically:
- Take a detailed history of behavioural changes
- Evaluate recent life events or routine changes
- Perform physical examinations to rule out pain or illness
- Conduct blood tests if medical causes are suspected
The vet will only consider depression if they can’t find any underlying medical cause for the changes in behavior.
Treatment of Dog Depression
There is no instant cure for dog depression, but treatment focuses on improving quality of life and emotional balance.
Behavioural and Environmental Therapy
- Increased daily interaction and engagement
- Structured routines for feeding, walks, and play
- Enrichment activities such as puzzle toys and scent games
- Positive reinforcement and reassurance
Physical Activity
Regular exercise boosts serotonin and dopamine levels, which naturally improve mood.
Social Support
Rebuilding bonds through consistent presence, calm affection, and attention can be highly effective.
Medical Support
In severe or long-lasting cases, veterinarians may recommend:
- Behavioural therapy referrals
- Short-term medication under strict supervision
Medication is usually reserved for cases where behavioural methods alone are insufficient.
Recovery and Management of Dog Depression
Recovery depends on the underlying cause and how early intervention begins.
Most dogs show improvement within weeks to a few months once emotional triggers are addressed. Long-term management focuses on:
- Consistent routines
- Regular mental and physical stimulation
- Monitoring for relapse during stressful events
Patience is essential; emotional healing takes time.
How can you prevent your dog from getting depressed?
Prevention focuses on emotional enrichment and stability.
Helpful strategies include:
- Maintaining predictable daily routines
- Ensuring regular exercise and play
- Avoiding prolonged isolation
- Providing social interaction
- Addressing pain or illness early
- Introducing changes gradually
When to seek help?
You should seek veterinary or behavioural help if:
- Symptoms last longer than 2–3 weeks
- Appetite loss or lethargy worsens
- Behaviour changes are sudden or severe
- Your dog shows self-harming behaviours
Early support prevents emotional decline and improves outcomes.
Key Takeaways
- Canine depression is a real emotional condition in dogs
- Symptoms include withdrawal, lethargy, appetite changes, and behavioural shifts
- Depression often follows loss, routine changes, illness, or isolation
- Diagnosis requires ruling out medical causes
- Treatment focuses on routine, enrichment, exercise, and emotional support
- Most dogs recover with patience and consistent care
FAQs: About Dog Depression
How do you treat a depressed dog?
Treatment includes environmental enrichment, routine rebuilding, physical activity, emotional reassurance, and veterinary guidance when needed.
How long does dog depression usually last?
Mild cases may improve within weeks, while more severe cases can take several months, depending on the cause and the intervention.
What are the first signs of dog depression?
Early signs include withdrawal, reduced interest in activities, changes in sleep, and altered appetite.
Does dog depression cause excessive licking?
Yes. Excessive licking can be a self-soothing behaviour linked to stress or depression.
Which dog breed is more prone to depression?
There is no single breed, but Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers may show stronger emotional responses to loss or routine changes.
References
American Veterinary Medical Association. (2023). Canine behaviour and emotional health. https://www.avma.org
Landsberg, G., Hunthausen, W., & Ackerman, L. (2012). Behavior problems of the dog and cat. Saunders Elsevier. https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/discovery/search?query=lds56,contains,Complementary%20Therapies%20–%20veterinary,AND&tab=LibraryCatalog&sortby=date_d&vid=01NLM_INST:01NLM_INST&facet=frbrgroupid,include,9069696866156023027&lang=en&mode=advanced&offset=0
Horwitz, D., & Mills, D. (2009). BSAVA manual of canine and feline behavioural medicine. BSAVA. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248866297_BSAVA_Manual_of_Canine_and_Feline_Behavioural_Medicine_D_Horwitz_D_Mills_Heath_S_Quedgeley_Eds_Glos_British_Small_Animal_Veterinary_Association_2002_288pp_66_soft_ISBN_0905214595
Merck Veterinary Manual. (2023). Behavioral disorders in dogs. https://www.merckvetmanual.com
